Rites and Liturgy

The following is taken from Wikipedia: 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Catholic_rites_and_churches

 

Rite

The Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches defines "rite" as follows: "Rite is the liturgical, theological, spiritual and disciplinary heritage, distinguished according to peoples' culture and historical circumstances, that finds expression in each autonomous church's way of living the faith."^[11]

As thus defined, "rite" concerns not only a people's liturgy (manner of worship), but also its theology (understanding of doctrine), spirituality (prayer and devotion), discipline (canon law).

In this sense of the word "rite", the list of rites within the Catholic Church is identical with that of the autonomous churches, each of which has its own heritage, which distinguishes that church from others, and membership of a church involves participation in its liturgical, theological, spiritual and disciplinary heritage. However, "church" refers to the people, and "rite" to their heritage.^[12]

The Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches states that the rites with which it is concerned (but which it does not list) spring from the following five traditions: Alexandrian, Antiochian, Armenian, Chaldean, and Constantinopolitan.^[13] Since it covers only Eastern Catholic churches and rites, it does not mention those of Western (Latin) tradition.

The word "rite" is sometimes used with reference only to liturgy, ignoring the theological, spiritual and disciplinary elements in the heritage of the churches. In this sense, "rite" has been defined as "the whole complex of the (liturgical) services of any Church or group of Churches".^[14]

Between "rites" in this exclusively liturgical sense and the autonomous churches there is no strict correspondence, such as there is when "rite" is understood as in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. The 14 autonomous churches of Byzantine tradition have a single liturgical rite, while on the contrary the single Latin Church has several distinct liturgical rites.

[edit] List of Catholic liturgical rites

Alexandrian liturgical tradition; 2 liturgical rites

• Coptic Rite
• Ethiopic Rite

Antiochian (Antiochene or West-Syrian) liturgical tradition; 3 liturgical rites

• Maronite Rite
• (West) Syrian Rite
• Syro-Malankara Rite

Armenian Rite; 1 liturgical rite

• Armenian Rite

Chaldean or East Syrian liturgical tradition; 2 liturgical rites

• Chaldean Rite
• Syro-Malabar Rite

Byzantine (Constantinopolitan) liturgical tradition; 1 liturgical rite

• Byzantine Rite

Latin (Western) liturgical rites

Actively celebrated:

• Roman Rite, whose historical forms are usually classified as follows
  • Pre-Tridentine Mass (the various pre-1570 forms)
  • Tridentine Mass (1570-1970 and still authorized in circumstances indicated in the document Summorum Pontificum as an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite)
  • Mass of Paul VI (1970–present)
  • Anglican Use (restricted to formerly Anglican congregations)
• Ambrosian Rite (Milan, Italy and neighbouring areas)
• Aquileian Rite (defunct: northeastern Italy)
• Bracarensis Rite (Braga, Portugal)
• Mozarabic Rite (Toledo and Salamanca, Spain)

Defunct or rarely celebrated:

• Durham Rite (defunct: Durham, England)
• Gallican Rite (defunct: Gaul, i.e., France)
• Celtic Rite (defunct: British Isles)
• Sarum Rite (defunct: England)
• Catholic Order Rites (generally defunct)
  • Benedictine Rite
  • Carmelite Rite
  • Carthusian Rite
  • Cistercian Rite
  • Dominican Rite
  • Franciscan Rite
  • Friars Minor Capuchin Rite
  • Premonstratensian Rite
  • Servite Rite

The following is taken from:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches

Clerical celibacy

Eastern and Western Christian churches have different traditions concerning clerical celibacy and the resulting controversies have played a role in the relationship between the two groups in some Western countries.

Most Eastern Churches distinguish between "monastic" and "non-monastic" clergy. Monastics do not necessarily live as monks or in monasteries, but have spent at least part of their period of training in such a context. Their monastic vows include a vow of celibate chastity.

Bishops are normally selected from the monastic clergy, and in most Eastern Catholic Churches a large percentage of priests and deacons also are celibate, while a portion of the clergy (typically, parish priests) may be married. If someone preparing for the diaconate or priesthood wishes to marry, this must happen before ordination.

In countries where Eastern traditions prevail, a married clergy caused little controversy; but it aroused opposition in other countries to which Eastern Catholics migrated; this was particularly so in the United States. In response to requests from the Latin bishops of those countries, the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith set out rules in a letter of 2 May 1890 to François-Marie-Benjamin Richard, the Archbishop of Paris,^[69] which the Congregation applied on 1 May 1897 to the United States,^[70] stating that only celibates or widowed priests coming without their children should be permitted in the United States. This rule was restated with special reference to Catholics of Ruthenian Rite by the 1 March 1929 decree Cum data fuerit, which was renewed for a further ten years in 1939. Dissatisfaction by many Ruthenian Catholics in the United States gave rise to the American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese. This rule was abolished with the promulgation of the Decree on the Catholic churches of the Eastern Rite; since then, married men have been ordained to the priesthood in the United States, and numerous married priests have come from eastern countries to serve parishes in the Americas.^[71]

Three Eastern Catholic Churches have decided to adopt mandatory clerical celibacy, as in the Latin Church: the India-based Syro-Malankara Catholic Church and Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, and the Ethiopian Catholic Church, which has a long widespread tradition of monasticism